The Mandalorian is one of the last members of a warrior cult, who makes his way across the galaxy as a bounty hunter. His religion is his weapons and armor, he never takes off his helmet in front of others.
His new mission consists of recovering a specimen that turns out to be a baby, with which he develops a relationship of care in the sun and in the shade.
Pedro Pascal as the Mandalorian
Definitely a very good series that manages to capture all the essence of Star Wars, with a credible and lovable character for his values behind the action of each adventure.
Gina Carano as Cara Dune
A true space western with a bounty hunter who meets new characters in each episode with just the right action to keep you interested and entertained.
The protagonist is allowed to develop the more human side of him, especially in the paternal relationship that he develops with baby yoda.
An adequate amount of resources and weapons that he adds in each chapter that make it similar to a game where the protagonist gains experience and advances stages.
Temuera Morrison as Boba Fett
The fact that the worlds are less elaborate than any of the films, allows us to know other unknown aspects of the different forces that act.
Misty Rosas as Kuiil & Frog Lady
Another novelty is offered at the end of each chapter, in which the black backgrounds are replaced by beautiful illustrations with the most important scenes from the recently completed chapter.
The Mandalorian is a true ray of hope for the Star Wars franchise, as it shows that the universe continues to offer potential for gripping stories as long as they focus on small, engaging side stories.
TIGER (Transforming Intelligent Ground Excursion Robot) is the newest UMV designed to function as a mobile science platform.
TIGER is completely autonomous and can even be paired with a UAV to place it in remote locations or charge batteries.
Once on the ground, TIGER's wheel and leg system allows full 360-degree directional control and all-wheel drive.
If it encounters extreme terrain, it can use its walking ability to overcome obstacles and get your supplies to your destination.
Based on a modular platform architecture, its features include a leg and wheel locomotion system, 360 degree directional control and a range of sensors for remote observation.
The vehicle is being developed by Hyundai Motor Group's New Horizons Studio in association with Autodesk and Sundberg-Ferar.
He was born in Lucca, Tuscany, on November 22nd, 1858. Son of Michele Puccini and Fortunata Magi. He was the sixth of seven brothers, as a child he hated music. However, he came, like Bach, from a family of musicians. Then he learned to play the organ like all the Puccini who were organists and chapel teachers in the cathedral of Lucca.
When he was 6 years old his uncle Fortunato incorporated him into the chapel choir and as Giacomo continually detuned, he declared that he had no aptitude for music. Then he studied organ where he obtained very good results taking over the position of his father as organist and chapel teacher of the cathedral of Lucca.
City of Lucca, Italy
In 1878 he traveled to Pisa to the presentation of the Verdi opera, Aida, where he was so dazzled that he decided to leave his post as organist and dedicate himself to composing operas. He was then 20 years old. Later, thanks to a pension from Queen Margarita, Puccini was able to study at the Milan Conservatory.
During his stay in Milan as a student, he had to subsist in the bohemian environment. Puccini was poor and lived in a dingy attic, where he managed to cope with his poverty with the help of the optimism that his youth gave him. Someday he would write an opera that would remember the hungry dwellers in the garrets and translate their sufferings into beautiful songs. A story very similar to his magnificent opera La Boheme.
City of Milan (1880)
In 1883, encouraged and protected by Ponchielli, he finished his first opera "Le Villi" about the peasants from the German black forest. He presented him to a contest in which his friend Pietro Mascagni also participated, but Puccini's work did not even get an honorable mention. On the contrary, the work of Mascagni won, it was "Caballeria Rusticana". Later Le Villi was released and with great success.
In 1889, he finished his second opera "Edgar", but the script was deficient and received numerous criticisms.
In 1893, Puccini began composing Manon Lescaut, inspired by the novel of the same title written in 1731 by the French abbot Prévost, which narrates the love relationship between a courtesan and a knight. Puccini would thus turn the love story into a dramatic opera, in which the psychology of the protagonist -as would be the case in his mature works- La Boheme, Tosca, Madame Butterfly and La Fanciulla del West.
La Boheme
After two years, in November 1895, he finished composing La Boheme. Reunited with his friends, Puccini spoke to them: "Gentlemen, I have the honor of introducing you to Mimi, the girl who sold her body for a few dresses and a carriage. But she is immortal, because she loved with a heart capable of reaching the sacrifice. I'm going to play you the scene of death, which I just finished. " When they heard the music, his friends couldn't hide their emotion. "You will also be immortal with Mimi" commented one of them. Puccini smiled. "Maybe" he said.
La Boheme's script is based on a novel by Henry Murger. It is the story of hungry young bohemians who lived in the Latin Quarter of Paris. Puccini's opera was simple and human and he knew how to turn a humble theme into noble melodies. When it was premiered at the Regio Theatre in Turin, on February 1st, 1896, it was not very well received, however two years later it was definitively imposed.
Tosca
The writer Luigi Illica presented Puccini with Tosca's script so that he could put music on it, to which he refused. Illica then gave it to another musician, however Puccini became obsessed and claimed the script from the writer. Finally, on January 14th, 1900, Tosca was premiered at the Constanzi Theatre in Rome, with great success.
Madama butterfly
In 1902, Puccini started the composition of Madama Butterfly, whose plot is based on a John Luther Long novel, dramatized by David Belasco. The librettists were Illica and Giacosa, friends of the musician who had previously written the librettos for Tosca and La Boheme. The new play premiered on February 17th, 1904, at the La Scala Theatre in Milan.
Elegance, attractiveness and wit made Puccini irresistible to many women. One of them, Elvira Bonturi left her husband forever and lived with Giacomo for 18 years. When her husband passed away, she legally joined the composer. The couple lived in Monza, where their son Antonio was born and in 1890 they moved to Milan. Puccini, even when married, was not without romantic adventures, he loved his wife but this did not prevent him from meeting other ladies when the opportunity presented itself.
But her partner Elvira was a very jealous woman, that's how in 1908, after spending their summer holidays together in Cairo, there was an authentic family drama. For no apparent reason, Elvira began to feel terrible jealousy of Doria Manfredi, a young woman who worked years ago at her house as a servant. The idea that Doria and Giacomo were lovers obsessed Elvira, one day fired her and threatened to kill her.
Prey to despair Doria committed suicide by taking poison. A doctor, at the request of his parents, examined the body and certified that she was a virgin. The Manfredi filed a complaint against Elvira and was found guilty. Looking for a way out of the problem, Puccini compensated Doria's family, who dropped the charges and his wife was able to save herself from prison.
The latest success and decline.
On December 10th, 1910, La Fanciulla del West was premiered at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York, under the direction of the brilliant and controversial Arturo Toscanini and with the performance of the most famous tenor of the moment: Enrico Caruso. It was the last work of Puccini's period of maturity, and it was a resounding success. Also known in English as The Girl from the Far West, this three-act opera was based on a libretto by Carlos Zangarini and Guelfo Civinini.
The action of La Fanciulla del West takes place in a mining area of the western United States, during the gold rush, in 1850. Despite the success of the premiere, this opera was forgotten. Although it dramatically suffers from certain flaws, it is a masterpiece for its original, even bold, harmonic language and imaginative and brilliant orchestration. The so-called "bandit's aria" -Chélla mi creda libero e lontano- constitutes a true anthology piece.
The autumn in Puccini's life was warm, but without great events. The best of his musical harvest had already been collected. At the age of 67, when he worked in Turandot, an exotic and modern opera that told the story of a beautiful and cruel Chinese princess, the musician had to interrupt his work, suffering from a throat condition.
The doctors who recognized him verified that he had a cancerous tumor. He was attended by the best specialist in Europe, radio treatments were applied, obtaining good results. He was improving from his ailment, when he suddenly died of a heart attack in Brussels on November 29th, 1924. His mortal remains were transferred to a family pantheon in Torre del lago.
Last Tribute
Turandot, which was completed by Franco Alfano, premiered at the Scala in Milan on April 25th, 1926. It was a memorable night. All intellectual Italy was present. The opera was performed that day without the final scene added by Alfano. The orchestra was directed by none other than Arturo Toscanini. When the last note composed by Puccini was sounded, the lights in the room went out and in the dark and in the most moving silence, these words of Toscanini were heard: "Here ends the music of the teacher" (according to others: "Here the teacher died"). Then the light came on again and the public paid the last tribute to Puccini with a huge ovation.
I, Claudius - Emperor and God, produced by the BBC in 1976, based on the novel by Robert Graves.
The series recounts in detail all the conspiracies of the Roman imperial family from the reign of Emperor Augustus to the end of the reign of Emperor Nero. The characters lie, cheat, manipulate, poison and kill in search of power.
Derek Jacobi as Claudius
The story is told from the point of view of the elderly Emperor Claudius, who, on the threshold of his death, makes his final statement to the entire family. In short, he sits in his study and writes his memoirs.
Old, fragile and under the premonition of his own death, Claudius, ruler of the Roman Empire, decides to write the story of his life. Reconstructed from the memory and stories of others, the story already begins with events before his birth, and in the course of the plot a net is deployed tied in three strategic points: intrigue, betrayal and death by accident. If you think your family is bad, you haven't seen anything yet.
George Baker (Tiberius)
The Mater Familias Livia, the wife of Emperor Augustus, is the center of all evil. With the help of manipulation and poison, she knows how to turn everything and everyone around. She is the smartest, but she is certainly not the only bad apple in the imperial family. Her son Tiberius is tough and her great-grandson Caligula is a maniac. Good family members are exterminated one by one. Only the lame Claudius escapes because he consciously stays on the surface and increases his clumsiness. Members of his crime family do not see him as an opponent in the ongoing struggle for power.
Sian Phillips (Livia)
The optical design of the series was extraordinarily spartan; although there are always nice little details to admire, in general, the staging is very unspectacular. Obviously, the creators here were one hundred percent theater-oriented. Some of the sets are so small that apart from a few paper-mâché pillars, a chandelier and black curtains, only the actors can be identified. There are no external recordings at all.
John Hurt (Caligula)
The BBC-produced series contains enough material to keep viewers intrigued throughout its thirteen episodes.
Although viewers today are much more demanding than they were forty years ago, the fact that the entire series was shot in the studio does not detract from the quality. The only thing that can be said to the detriment is that the series is a bit slow at times.
This series is based on the best-selling book by the well-known British writer Ken Follett, in which he tells the story that describes the entire process of building a cathedral in the English city of Kingsbridge. Ken Follett engages his protagonists in intrigues, allowing them to experience the violence and despotism of those times and reward them for their faith and devotion.
In 1135, King Henry I of England died, leaving no successor. As he only had illegitimate children, as his only legitimate child was killed in a shipwreck, it sparked an endless dispute over the crown. Meanwhile, a bricklayer with his pregnant wife moves through the fields in search of work.
Ian McShane as Waleran Bigod
Tom Builder (Rufus Sewell) is a builder and is looking for a job. With his pregnant wife and his two children, he wanders through the Shiring area when they meet the witch who lives in the forest, Ellen (Natalia Wörner). His son Jack (Eddie Redmayne) is calm and very skilled with his hands. When Builder's wife dies at the birth of the baby, Tom places it in the grave, where a monk picks it up and takes it to Kingsbridge. Local prior Philipp (Matthew MacFayden) wants to rebuild the old cathedral, where Tom takes over the work.
Mathhew Macfadyen as Philip
At the same time a war of succession begins in England between the sons of the deceased king. Stephan (Tony Curran) and Mathilda (Alison Pitt) fight each other in battle, and the church through Waleran Bigod (Ian McShane) eagerly joins in. Nothing works without the approval of the clergyman, who looks out for his own interests, and the construction of Kingsbridge Cathedral is constantly delayed. As a result, the work continues for decades, leaving Tom Builder, Prior Philip, and his assistants more than once with problems that seem impossible to solve.
Evil church servants, bloody battles, intrigue, sex, and tragedy are featured in abundance throughout the series.
Eddie Redmayne as Jack
In this interesting story, the obnoxious bishop of the church, Ian McShane, stands out above all, who portrayed his devious character in an extraordinarily compelling way. But the good guys Matthew Macfadyen or the red-haired Eddie Redmayne dominate their roles with great success. There are also household names like Rufus Sewell and Donald Sutherland, who also contribute to the success of the story. A very well accomplished work...simply unmissable.
The Friends series, which began in 1994, features the adventures -mostly funny and sometimes emotional- of six friends from New York. Monica, Rachel, Phoebe, Chandler, Ross and Joey, six strong characters, sources of jokes and misunderstandings.
Joey is the charming and not always the brightest Italian who, for most of the series, performs as an actor in the smallest roles in the world. Chandler, unlike Joey, has less luck with girls and is more fortunate in a permanent job. Rachel is the fashion conscious woman who was about to get married. The big love story of the series is between her and Ross, who is Monica's nerdy older brother. Phoebe is the eccentric woman who usually has an alternate perspective on everyday phenomena.
A comedy that long stood at the top of the audience, it drew dozens of guest stars who sometimes participated for the simple pleasure of performing three lines of dialogue.
There is no doubt that the best seasons are the first ones. The longer you get into the show, the more it begins to deal with family, kids, careers, and other issues of everyday life.
No matter what this group of friends come up with, be it problems at work, on a date, in the family, or with the neighbor, friendship is there to support each other.
During the 10-season series, there are a group of notable guest star appearances including Bruce Willis, Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Sean Penn, Winona Ryder, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Julia Roberts, Alec Baldwin, and others.
Starting in 1959, a new series aired, which ran for 159 episodes, almost cult status among fans of the fantastic. Each episode was hosted by the "father of the series" Rod Serling in a nutshell, and then in about 25 minutes, a much better story was told, like a two-hour movie from today. For many guest actors, who later became world famous stars, it was also a stepping stone to the top.
The series was a collection of various short stories ranging from the tragic to the comic. They can be scary or just cause reflection. Most of the episodes have unexpected endings and a moral lesson. But, no matter what, they are "a journey to a wonderful land, whose limits are those of the imagination."
Rod Serling, creator and host of the series, won two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Writing (1960 and 1961) and the 1962 Golden Globe for Best Television Director / Producer.
The typical introductory phrase of the program was:
"There is a fifth dimension beyond that which is known to man. It is a dimension as vast as space and as timeless as infinity. It is the middle ground between light and shadow, between science and superstition, and it lies between the pit of man's fears and the summit of his knowledge. This is the dimension of imagination. It is an area which we call...the Twilight Zone.
The group's black sheep returns home to his family, who aren't exactly happy to see him.
Bloodline is a critically acclaimed Netflix series that has received rave reviews. In the lead roles are actors Kyle Chandler, Ben Mendelsohn, Linda Cardellini, Norbert Leo Butz and Sissy Spacek.
Kyle Chandler as John Rayburn
The story is centered on a family that is doing well, they run their own business in an idyllic setting and several of them have good jobs. But one day the eldest son appears, who has not seen them for a long time.
Danny, who is the black sheep in the family, has a plan, which reflects his past hatred against his perfect family; a very well accomplished character.
Ben Mendelsohn as Danny Rayburn
By gradually revealing the existence of a drama that has marked the Rayburn clan, the series gains intensity and quickly becomes riveting. Aided by the very accurate portrayals of the main cast members, the plot grows throughout the episodes.
Bloodline gets addictive in just a few episodes and once the marathon is on, it will be hard to give up. The threads of Rayburn's story are seamlessly woven, offering each character an interesting role, judiciously incorporating jealousy, resentment, and competition induced by blood ties.
Danny's return causes the family facade to begin to crumble and all the dark secrets threaten to be revealed...
"Billions" is a story of attack and defense between the powerful United States Attorney Chuck Rhoades (Paul Giamatti) and the billionaire Bobby Axelrod (Damian Lewis). Chuck is pursuing a federal case against Axelrod and his fund, Ax Capital, driven by any direct evidence of wrongdoing rather than his unacknowledged envy: Chuck's wife, Wendy (Maggie Siff), is an employee of Ax Capital and one of the Axelrod's closest confidants.
Paul Giamatti as Chuck Rhoades
On the Ax side, bottomless pockets are used to reward friends, clear up problems, and resolve old grudges.
While the common man is preoccupied with paying his mortgage, billionaire Bobby Axelrod throws USD 63 million on the table for his new dream home.
Damian Lewis as Bobby Axelrod
Prosecutor Chuck Rhoades will have to take down a big shot, because the media increasingly suggests that justice does not dare to confront the big financial companies. So there will be a fight between the two men. A battle in which many people will be dragged.
It's very rare to find a show with such a diverse cast that they come together so well. Each character is perfectly cast. You don't know which side you are on; all you know is that they are all "right" in their convictions in some way.
Maggie Siff as Wendy
Is the judicial system at the height of this type of heavy weights? Can the legal system misuse its power to fight these kinds of giants? These are questions that can be applied not only in the US but also in any other country where these relationships exist.
A good drama to know details of the intimacy of these little worlds ...
The international experience of the constituent processes shows different mechanisms that have been used for the elaboration of Constitutions, depending on the political circumstances, the political institutional traditions of each country and also on the mechanisms that the same current Constitutions contemplate for said process.
The different mechanisms that have been used worldwide for the discussion and drafting of a new constitutional text are described below.
1) Legislative Power, this name is used to refer to those cases in which the main body in charge of preparing and approving the new constitutional text is the congress or parliament. Parliamentarians can participate in their entirety (Brazil 1988, El Salvador 1992, Korea 1987) or a special commission of parliamentarians can be formed to draft it. The countries that have done so under this last procedure are: Bolivia in 1994, Nicaragua 1995, Angola 2010, Croatia 2000, Greece 1975, Poland 1997, Czech Republic 1993.
2) Constituent Assembly or National Constituent Assembly, is a collegiate body made up of a group of citizens elected by popular vote to exclusively discuss and design a new text and constitutional order and not to exercise legislative powers.
In recent times, the trend has been that the constitutional texts decided and approved by constituent assemblies have been ratified by the citizens through a referendum.
It is the longest way because previously a consultation is needed to decide who are its members and, later, another to approve the text. However, the process has the support of the population, in times of change.
Once they have prepared their work and the constitution enters into force, after approval, their election is without effect and in charge of the legislative power constituted in the last election.
National Congress building, located in the city of Valparaiso, Chile
3) Constituent Commission or Commission of Experts. This type of mechanism refers to those cases in which the institution in charge of the discussion of the contents and the elaboration of the new constitutional text corresponds to a group of experts and persons considered notable in a given society, which generally includes lawyers and / or other professionals related to the area of constitutional law or social sciences.
These could be national and / or foreign experts, and even members of different branches of the State. Unlike the Constituent Assembly, the commission is made up of people appointed and not elected by popular vote.
That designation is usually made by the executive power. The constituent or expert commission is given the power to discuss the contents of the new fundamental carta and the preparation of the text thereof, which must then be ratified, either by the authority or bodies that appointed it, by the legislative power, by the citizens through a plebiscite or referendum, or by more than one of them.
Constitutions synthesize rules and norms that order the social and political coexistence of a community. Until recently, legal theory stated that the longevity of these normative bodies was an essential characteristic of democratic societies, however, comparative studies from the social sciences show that total changes to constitutions occur much more frequently than anticipated.
In fact, between 1947 and 1989, 139 countries wrote new constitutions, while 100 countries did so between 1990 and 2015; And although there are centuries-old constitutional texts, the average longevity of a constitution is only 19 years when we evaluate the behavior of the group of countries in all regions of the planet (Ginsburg, Melton and Elkins, 2010).
Furthermore, while in much of the twentieth century the total constitutional changes were linked almost exclusively to changes in the political regime as a result of civil wars, foreign interventions, popular uprisings or institutional collapse, today the number of democracies that decide to promote processes of constitutional change without this being linked to a change of regime (as in the cases of Iceland and Colombia).
Of the 95 constituent processes analyzed between 1947 and 2015, in 25 cases (26%) a constituent assembly was elected to draft the new constitutional text, in 20 (21%) the parliament in office was appointed, in another 9 (10%) a Congress was elected with a specific constituent mandate, in 34 cases (36%) the responsibility was handed over to a commission of experts, and finally 4 (4%) used other mechanisms and in three cases no data was available (3%) .
When we analyze the changes that have been occurring over time, we see that the prevalence of the different mechanisms has changed according to the periods. While between 1947 and 1965 the most used mechanism was the constituent assembly, between 1966 to 1999 expert commissions were used with greater frequency.
In this decade, the constituent assemblies have once again become the predominant mechanism for promoting constitutional changes; used in 7 of the 17 countries that have changed their constitutions between 2000 and 2015.
In relation to the constituent assemblies, it is observed that there is no single model. However, in all the cases analyzed it is a representative institution, similar to a parliament, but which differs from the latter in that it has a specific constituent mandate.
The cases of constituent assemblies analyzed have on average a total of 195 members, with 1 representative for every 250 thousand inhabitants.
Factors to consider in the election of a Constituent Assembly in Chile
As you may know, today (Oct.25th, 2020) in Chile there is a vote to approve or reject the drafting of a new Constitution, which would replace the one created in 1980 under the Military Government of President Augusto Pinochet.
It will also be chosen between two options of bodies that can draft it, a Mixed Constitutional Convention (made up of 50% of parliamentarians and 50% of citizens elected by popular vote) and a Constitutional Convention (made up of 100% of members elected by popular vote).
The risk of the creation of a constituent assembly, similar to the one formed in countries like Venezuela, is that being a body with binding powers, it could make major changes to the laws and institutions in force based only on a circumstantial majority.
CADEM survey conducted between October 9th and 11th, 2019
Without considering that the social demands observed in the massive demonstrations of October 2019, had more to do with improving pensions, education, health, work or attacking crime, rather than making changes or drafting a new Constitution.
The call for a Constituent Assembly at a time of social tension may not be very appropriate. On the other hand, those who promote it with the greatest emphasis (Communist Party and Broad Front) belong to a sector with minimal national representation and with objectives far removed from the interest of citizens.
Until the moment of publishing this article, great interest in attending to vote has been seen in the Chilean population, we hope that the results will serve to appease the spirits of the most radical sectors and carry out the reforms that are needed and thus improve the model which has allowed us to grow in the last decades.
Data from the document: Mechanisms of constitutional change in the world - United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
